Lots of different brands of render, but there are three main types. Cement, acrylic and solid plastering.
Lime, sand and cement are mixed in a specific way. Lime improves flexibility and helps prevent cracking, and sand varieties enable different effects (usually coarser sands are used for undercoats and finer sands for the top coat).
Colouring the render is mixed based on the composition of the render - if darker gray cement is used in the render then more colour must be added.
Cement render can also be used for various decorative effects depending on what you're looking for - patterns, different textures, etc.
Acrylic is a type of plastic, and the plasticity helps with easier application and less likelihood of cracking. It also dries quicker, is permeable to steam and some products can be applied with a roller instead of a full trowel.
Solid plaster (wet plastering) consists of lime or gypsum, sand and water. This kind of render is softer than cement or acrylic render.
What's the difference between plastering and rendering then, you might ask? It's a good question. Some views are that it's simply because the mix is different. Others say that gypsum is used in plaster and lime in render. Others say render is for outside and plastering for inside.